TidalCycles is close friends with SuperDirt but can be configured to send trigger messages to anything that accepts Open Sound Control network messages (or MIDI).
A while back I made a quick example of how to live code Processing sketch from Tidal. You can find an example sketch and tidal file on github. See what can be done with this sort of approach here:
Atsushi Tadokoro is doing similar things in Tokyo, I think with openframeworks.
Yecto has been working on this sort of thing for a while too, check out his spine-tingling sh2hs2 system.